Approach to knowledge sources information is always complicated by the variety of approaches under which can be studied. Can be understood that the concept of the emitter source or origin of certain information. But the source can also be understood as a channel or means of transmission of certain information. Such information may be original, developed by a number of authors and content managers critical, analytical, explanatory, informative, forming a new informational or otherwise, general or specialized, referenced or linked to other content. For this reason, according to the origin or source of information have gestated and familiar to different source categories qualities that distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the content or what is the same quality criteria of a formal nature. Remember
- that are considered primary sources those whose provenance is the original or genuine responsible for the publication of certain information or documentation usually takes the form of monographs, articles, essays, reports, research in the form of theses, among other forms.
- With regard to secondary sources are all those that refer to primary sources or original. To this effect a referencing based on the citation, informational or documentary of all or part of the primary source, depending on the documentary side. For example different catalogs, bibliographies or directories tend to specialize in providing complete and comprehensive information and technical and abbreviated to refer to all or part of a primary document. The
- tertiary sources, are also considered secondary sources of information on secondary sources of information or what is, those types of documents in which information is made by third secondary sources that refer to the original. This is the case of the bibliographies of bibliographies, Codes of bibliographies, indexes bibliographic codes or guidelines.
sources of information on science and technology as well as those considered to respond to this general field typological scheme as long as they are related and linked directly or indirectly to obtain the data source. But there are important conceptual differences when dealing with these specialized sources. This requires identifying the meaning of the terms science, technology, technology, documentation, information, scientific documentation, information industry, to obtain an approximation of the final concept of Documentation in Science and Technology, which are derived from all sources of information will be studied throughout the course.
Science
The concept of science is polysemous and widely used to define and describe various references and cases. It science means an area of \u200b\u200bhuman knowledge which employs methodological tools, technical, professional and technological resources to obtain results. All the conglomerate that make these instruments and human resources and result in a science term very general view.
is more about using the term to describe science express that knowledge is the result of the systematic application of scientific method. In other words, the use of such a mechanism for determining an object of study, identifying the variables that influence the object of study, observation object or phenomenon of study, its thorough description, hypothesizing that allow objective approach to understanding and expression of reality or truth that happens to this problem, experimentation in order to study based on assumptions, objectives and procedures has been designated for study and finally the evaluation of the results of observation and experimentation to obtain conclusions. This generates what is known as scientific knowledge.
But science is also used to express a very particular scientific knowledge basis of the knowledge areas in which human knowledge can be organized. In fact one can speak of Social Sciences, Experimental Sciences, Pure Sciences, formal science, factual science, among others. All have in common the use of scientific method, but its central object of study is far from one another. On the other hand it should be noted that these types of science related to different classifications vary greatly depending on the technical level that expresses the concept of science. For example:
- General Science: is the sum of scientific knowledge results demonstrated that human knowledge globally.
- Sciences Experimental: are all those sciences that allow accurate quantification and verification by experimentation, to differentiate them from other science or scientific fields. This is the case of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology or Medicine.
- Applied Science applied sciences are considered all those sciences which consist of a practical extension, instrumental or methodological way that allows implement experiments using the scientific method. According to José Manuel Sánchez Ron, the technology concept is the equivalent of Sciences Applied, because it means the concreteness practice of pure science, basic or theoretical. However defined by the existence of both an indivisible aspects became evident that the technical and technology constitute a cumulative source of knowledge that promotes the improvement and perfection of pure scientific knowledge but so did the reinvention and redefinition of the theoretical foundations on which are based techniques generate new technologies. Put another way, in the words of Ron Sanchez "the scientific discovery of Oersted was led to imagine the practicality of the telegraph."
- Humanities: are all those sciences that study man in historical perspective, linguistic, philosophical, causing some ambiguity to differentiate with respect to the social sciences, both as it applies a higher level of quantification results in scientific experimentation. This means that there is no definitive differentiating barrier, there is a gradation in terms of implementation and results of the scientific method.
- Social Sciences: are all those sciences that study man about his relationship with the natural or artificial employs or created in their social relationships, economic, educational, with the natural environment, etc.
As a result of earlier statements and reviewing the definitions we obtain the following observations:
- Science and branches are classified according to addressing philosophical interpretations (Philosophy of Science), teaching, method and result. Philosophical interpretation is considered in relation to the evolution of science and cognitive organization in terms of its object of study that is consistent over time, changing and testable. From the educational point of view can be sized to serve a rational order facilitate access and logical recovery. Depending on the method and result, inasmuch as he is able to apply to a greater or lesser extent with the scientific method obtained results that may be more or less quantified.
- Science is the set of all sciences, which may use techniques, instruments and tools that facilitate the production of scientific knowledge through scientific method.
- Science is objective and based on demonstrating their knowledge of phenomena, causes, effects and factors involved in the events that occur in the medium or object of study. The result of the investigation results be the experience that is embodied in scientific knowledge in various scientific publications, constituting true sources of scientific information.
Scientific Knowledge
knowledge The concept involves the use and employment information if apprehended, in turn composed of lower cognitive units, ie the component data and allow for room reflections necessary to generate the wealth of information that can benefit a human being during their study and lift up your domain in a state of wisdom. Scientific knowledge thus corresponds to a set of structured information that an orderly and systematic demonstrates the truth in reality giving explanations to the phenomena that occur in nature or natural environment in the former studio.
According to Mario Bunge in his work Scientific Research : Theory and Methodology , explains the scientific knowledge from a number of features that distinguish it uniquely from the knowledge that underlies the common sense. On scientific knowledge :
- is subject to goals or purposes and some objects of study.
- Scientific knowledge is within reach people whose training and experience qualified them for the investigation of a particular field of knowledge.
- The language used is technical scientific knowledge and super-specialized.
- uses the methodology of scientific research to obtain objective knowledge.
- Scientific knowledge is instrumental because it uses tools and methods for testing and objective demonstration of what is formulated in theoretical science.
- Scientific knowledge develops through accumulation of other knowledge and research, which steadily built the evolution of science.
c NOWLEDGE based on common sense is spontaneous, open and directly perceptible to the human being, whose language is acceptable because natural language itself, used daily and routine means to base their experience and using their own budgets, assumptions or realities in terms of the subjectivity of the observer.
Technical
technique is considered the set of tools and methods to enforce a purpose or objective cognitive, scientific or industrial . In the case of science is called Scientific or Technical Technical Scientific Research to facilitate and systematize the qualitative and quantitative experimental study object, phenomenon or variables involved in the evaluation of research results.
Technology Technology is the result of combining scientific knowledge to obtain advances in human knowledge, in a way that allows the solution to problems raised in the object of study in each investigation. In other words, the technology set up the scientific solutions are applied consistently by a proven and experienced based on previously raised about requirements in the subject matter of the investigation. Often the technology is usually the most visible contribution of science to society, one of the factors responsible for their transfer, interaction, disclosure or dissemination to society. This means that technology is an instrument through which science affects society and vice versa.
Documentation Scientific Information and Documentation.
is essential to remember the differences between information and scientific documentation documentation. Information is documentation that that relying on the information sources, is responsible for knowing the methods and processes of transmission of these sources and obtaining a obtaining new knowledge from the social communication of information from sources transmitted. In contrast to the documentation tells is the Scientific Documentation that from a systematic and organized scientific documentation and information sources that are useful for research or experimental purposes other sciences try to solve .
Scientific and Technical Documentation
But not only speak of scientific literature in isolation. It is usual to find the concept of Scientific and Technical Documentation to refer to the Scientific Documentation in charge of water management, treatment and recovery of all documents related to the applied sciences, and industrial, mechanical, technological or instrumental given as result in a special documentation scientific and technical content fully quantifiable by the experimental sciences, or in the case of patents. For this reason in many cases has also been detected use of the term to refer Industrial Documentation of this particular type of technical documents.
Documentation and Sources in Science and Technology
means Science and Technology in the environment of documents and sources of information, the super-specialization of resources, references and scientific content, informative-informative technical and technological Experimental Science and Applications in particular as well as those areas adjacent or related knowledge to quantify the capacity of which is next to the former.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- BUNGE, Mario. Science, its method and philosophy. Mexico: Translation by Bruce Campbell, 2000
- SAINERO CARRIZO, Gloria. Social Science Information. Gijón: Trea, 2000
- López Yepes, José. et.al. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Information Science. Madrid: Síntesis, 2004. Vol I, II
- NAGEL, Ernest. The structure of Science. Barcelona: Polity Press, 1981
- Sánchez Ron, José Manuel. The Century of Science. Madrid: Taurus, 2000
NOTES:
- Mario Bunge: is physicist, philosopher, humanist and Argentine epistemologist of great importance for his work devoted to the study of science and philosophy, and its dissemination. Highlights his work Treatise on basic philosophy that studies in various humanistic concepts, philosophical and scientific and ontological realism, epistemological, semantic, methodological, axiological, moral and practical. In this context notable for his work science, its method and philosophy .
- José Manuel Sánchez Ron: It is physical and academic of the Royal English Academy, popularizer and historian of science noted for its contribution in the works The worlds of science , Dictionary of science and The origin and development of creativity and work by which is cited in the text The Century of Science.
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